Androgenetic Alopecia (Pattern Baldness): Causes, Symptoms & Best Treatments in 2026

Androgenetic Alopecia (AGA) is a genetically predetermined disorder caused by an excessive response to androgens. This condition—commonly known as male or female pattern baldness—is the leading cause of hair loss globally, affecting approximately 85% of men and 75% of women by age 70. It is characterised by the progressive “miniaturisation” of hair follicles, where hair becomes shorter, finer, and eventually stops growing.

How Common Is Androgenetic Alopecia?

Unfortunately, hair loss due to pattern hair loss is more common than most people realise. According to studies, men often report noticing the symptoms of this type of baldness emerging as early as their 20s and it only increases with age. Around 21% of men in their twenties report experiencing hair falling and this figure rises to about 85% by the age of 50. In women, the prevalence is approximately 12% between 20 and 30 years of age and about 75% after 70 years.

The complexity of androgenetic alopecia (AGA) is further compounded by the fact that it can manifest differently among ethnic groups. While the prevalence of AGA increases with age in both men and women of all ethnicities, it varies wildly by gender and ethnicity.

People of Caucasian origin are the most affected, while it’s less common in Asian and African individuals. The reasons for these differences are not fully understood, but studies have shown varying severity patterns.

Prevalence of Androgenic Alopecia by Age and Gender

Symptoms of Pattern Hair Loss: Early Signs in Men vs Women

Recognising the early signs of hereditary hair loss is vital for successful treatment. While the root cause—genetics and dihydrotestosterone (DHT) —is the same, the visual progression differs significantly between genders.

This is why it is commonly categorised using:

• the Hamilton-Norwood Scale (for men)
• the Ludwig Scale (for women)

Male vs. Female AGA: At a Glance

What Are the Early Warning Signs in Men?

In most cases, androgenetic alopecia is the most common type of hair loss worldwide, especially linked to male pattern hair loss. The condition often begins at the frontal hairline, where recession becomes noticeable.

In men, pattern hair loss symptoms typically follow a predictable path:

• The “M-Shaped” Recession: Hair begins to thin at the temples and forehead, creating a distinct “M” shape.
• Crown Thinning (Vertex): A bald spot begins to develop at the top of the head, which eventually merges with the receding hairline.
• The Horseshoe Pattern: In advanced stages, only a rim of hair remains at the lower back and sides of the head—areas typically resistant to DHT.

What Are the Early Warning Signs in Women?

Women typically experience female pattern hair loss, which presents as diffuse thinning rather than complete baldness.

• The “Christmas Tree” Pattern: Thinning becomes most noticeable along the center part, which appears to widen over time.
• Preserved Hairline: Unlike men, women usually maintain their front hairline, though the hair directly behind it becomes sparse.
• Miniaturisation: Individual hair strands become finer, shorter, and more transparent before the follicle stops producing hair entirely.

Elithair’s Expert Tip: If you notice an unusual amount of hair on your pillow or in the shower drain, it may be the “Telogen” phase accelerating. A professional hair analysis can determine if this is temporary shedding or the onset of permanent alopecia.

What Causes Androgenic Alopecia? DHT, Genetics and Key Risk Factors

Pattern hair loss is primarily caused by the hormone dihydrotestosterone (DHT), which gradually shrinks hair follicles. DHT is produced from a male hormone, testosterone. In men, the enzyme 5-alpha-reductase is particularly active in the hair follicles of the temples and the back of the head. This enzyme converts testosterone into DHT.

DHT affects hair follicles, making them smaller and weaker. As a result, hair falls out and does not regrow. Alongside genetics, several lifestyle and medical risk factors can worsen progression, including:

• Stress
• Obesity
• Smoking
• Alcohol consumption
• Cetain Medications
• High blood pressure

Genetic predisposition plays a significant role in this type of hair loss, and specific hormone variations, combined with other factors, create ideal conditions for the development of androgenic alopecia.

The AGA gene is more likely to be expressed in men and women suffering from alopecia who inherit the gene from their father or mother. The gene can remain dormant for years before being expressed. To date, there is no screening to predict when this will occur.

What Are the Best Non-Surgical AGA Treatments in 2026?

If you have hereditary conditions or are already experiencing hair loss, it is important to start treatment as early as possible. It is a chronic and persistent condition, so the earlier you start, the more treatment options you have.

We have listed the different types of existing androgenic alopecia treatments so you can make the best choice for you. It is also important to follow the advice of a professional to be safely prepared.

Topical Treatments

Minoxidil is the most popular topical options for treating androgenetic alopecia. This active substance is highly regarded as a “gateway” treatment for hereditary baldness. By stimulating hair follicle growth, it increases blood flow to the scalp and prevents further hair loss.

However, it must be used regularly for lasting results. As soon as you stop or pause your treatment of Minoxidil, your androgenetic alopecia symptoms will resume. The following side effects may also occur:

• Changes in hair texture
• Scalp irritation or redness
• Accidental hair growth on other parts of the body
• Chest pain
• Sudden weight gain
• Swelling of the hands or feet
• Dizziness

It is important to determine the best concentration and usage frequency under medical supervision.

Oral Medication Treatments

When it comes to oral treatments, Finasteride and Dutasteride are the first choice for many people. They are primarily DHT blockers, allowing hair follicles to remain in the growth phase longer. Results typically appear about three months after starting treatment.

However, some hair loss suffers are discouraged by the side effects of these medications, which include:

• Reduced libido
• Erectile dysfunction and ejaculation problems

These side effects are more common in men taking higher doses of the medication. Additionally, it can lead to serious complications in women considering pregnancy or who are pregnant. Before using Finasteride or Dutasteride for AGA, consult a doctor to understand the risks and benefits of these medications.

Laser Therapy

Low-level laser therapy is a relatively recent androgenetic alopecia treatment . By penetrating the scalp with low-intensity light, it repairs and regenerates tissue in that area.

Studies have not yet shown definitive results, but recepients of the therapy have reported that it helps stimulate hair growth in men and women, including those with AGA. Moreover, cellular metabolism and blood flow to hair follicles are increased, leading to improved hair growth.

Microneedling

During microneedling treatment, a device with fine needles is used to puncture the skin at regular intervals. The depth of the punctures can vary depending on the skin’s condition and the treatment’s goal. Results are generally visible after several treatments. In cases of hair loss, microneedling can stimulate hair growth and thicken it.

The treatment is usually painless and lasts about 30 minutes. After the treatment, the skin may be red and swollen, but this is normal and should fade within a few days. The frequency of microneedling sessions depends on the skin’s condition and the treatment’s goal. For hair loss, treatments may need to be repeated every 4 to 6 months.

It is a fairly reliable procedure, but some risks can occur, including:

• Redness
• Swelling
• Bleeding
• Infection
• Scar formation

Microneedling can be an effective and relatively safe method for treating skin or hair issues. If you are interested in this method, consult an experienced doctor or dermatologist to determine if it is suitable for your case.

PRP Therapy

PRP therapy, also known as Vampire-Lifting, is a natural method for stimulating hair growth. A small amount of autologous blood is taken from the patient (about 12 ml) and then enriched with essential nutrients. The fluid is then injected into the bald areas of the head.

This method uses high-quality platelet-rich plasma to multiply growth factors in local blood cells – in other words, using your own blood to stimulate hair growth.

Reliable studies show that Platelet Rich Plasma for androgenetic alopecia can have positive effects on hair loss and are entirely safe. Therefore, PRP is a promising and effective treatment option for hair loss.

Hair Transplant Surgery: The Most Reliable Long-Term Solution

Hair transplantation is currently considered the most reliable long-term treatment for androgenetic alopecia, particularly in patients with advanced stages of male or female pattern hair loss. The procedure involves harvesting healthy, genetically resistant follicles from the donor region at the back of the scalp. These follicles are carefully preserved in a nutrient-enriched solution before being implanted into areas affected by thinning or baldness.

At Elithair, each treatment plan is supported by an advanced pre-operative diagnostic system. Patients undergo six detailed analyses, including blood testing, Doppler ultrasound, and additional examinations to assess scalp health, circulation, and suitability for transplantation. This personalised approach helps ensure both safety and optimal clinical outcomes.

Hair transplantation remains the only proven permanent solution for androgenetic alopecia. Elithair offers two state-of-the-art techniques:

• DHI (Direct Hair Implantation)
• FUE (Follicular Unit Extraction)

Managing Androgenetic Alopecia: Elithair’s Expert Tips to Slow Hair Loss Progression

Hair loss caused by androgenetic alopecia is a problem that affects both men and women. Since it is often a genetic, hormonal, or lifestyle-related condition, affected individuals may believe their case is incurable, but this is not true.

In addition to the treatment options mentioned above, there are other practical and accessible tips for dealing with the condition:

• Accept your hair loss. It is important to acknowledge that hair loss is a first step in a natural ageing process that affects many people. By accepting the situation, you can begin to find ways to manage it.
• Consult a professional. If you are concerned about your hair loss, speak to a doctor or dermatologist. They will provide you with information about the causes and treatments for your hair loss.
• Look for support groups. There are many androgenetic alopecia support groups. These groups can provide you with emotional support and information about the condition.

If you are considering hair transplantation, consult a specialist beforehand. You will receive an assessment of your hair loss and determine if it is possible in your case.